This paper analyses the European Union’s (EU) multi-level governance framework for zero-emission energy-intensive industries (EIIs). European EIIs face the dual challenge of decarbonising in line with the EU’s climate targets while maintaining international competitiveness. While at the forefront of global industrial decarbonisation, European EIIs face severe economic pressures due to strong...
Decarbonizing industrial heat remains one of the most challenging tasks for achieving climate neutrality. In Belgium, a significant share of industrial energy demand is for high-temperature heat (>100 °C), yet conventional electrification solutions, such as high-temperature heat pumps, often struggle to compete with fossil fuels on cost. While carbon pricing could improve their economics,...
The global transition toward a low-carbon energy system relies on the rapid and large-scale deployment of renewables. However, they face two challenges: (i) wind and sun are not dispatchable, and (ii) electrification cannot provide high-temperature heat for industries. Energy storage generally addresses the first challenge. Metal fuels could help tackle both challenges at once.
Metal fuels...
The development of a CO2 value chain in Europe, including Carbon Capture (CC), Transport and Storage (T&S), is strongly influenced by (i) evolving Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) markets and (ii) rising industry relocation, complicating investments on the carbon capture and the T&S operator's side. We investigate how these two factors affect the industrial carbon capture landscape characterised...
