Speaker
Description
Changes in solar wind flow, typically associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and high-speed streams (HSSs), directly impact the near-Earth space environment. These structures disturb the Earth’s magnetosphere and induce variability in the geomagnetic field. Rapid variations in the geomagnetic field, characterized by elevated values of dBH/dt, can lead to the generation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), which pose risks to technological systems, including power grids, pipelines, and railways. In this study, we investigate the correlation between the characteristics of different solar wind structures and ground-based magnetic field perturbations (dBH/dt), focusing on geomagnetic storms identified by Sym-H index values of ≤-50 nT from 1995 to 2024. 623 events were selected, comprising 308 ICME-driven and 315 HSS-driven storms. We examined the occurrence of dBH/dt spikes at latitudes between ±50° and ±90°, highlighting notable asymmetries in magnetic local time (MLT) distribution and spatial preferences depending on the solar wind driver. Additionally, we performed a solar cycle analysis of dBH/dt activity, revealing how the occurrence and intensity of magnetic field perturbations vary across different phases of the solar cycle. Our results also emphasize the relevance of mesoscale solar wind structures and periodic variations in solar wind velocity and IMF magnitude. This analysis supports the development of improved machine learning models by incorporating solar wind parameters to enhance ground-based dBH/dt forecasts.
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