Speaker
Description
In this study, we investigate the temporal responses of trapped relativistic electron fluxes in the heart of the outer radiation belt during three geomagnetic storm periods. We relate satellite observations of relativistic electron fluxes to the variations in electron precipitation made using VLF subionospheric propagation techniques, which are sensitive to D-region ionisation levels. Such comparisons are used to highlight the differences in inner magnetospheric dynamical and coupling processes driven by weak, moderate, and strong geomagnetic storms. In space, we use 2 MeV electron flux measurements made by the GPS satellite, NS41, at L=4.5; in order to differentiate between geomagnetic storms, we use the newly defined Ca index; while to monitor the D-region, we use AARDDVARK VLF narrow-band transmitter observations on subionospheric paths that respond to ionisation changes at L=4.5. The geomagnetic storms investigated are 02 Sept - 09 September 2012 (weak); 26 August - 07 September 2015 (moderate); and 17 March - 31 March 2015 (strong). We show that key processes, such as substorms and chorus waves, dominate at different times as part of the geomagnetic storm evolution, depending on storm severity. Understanding the interplay between these couplings is key in developing the capability to reliably model and forecast inner magnetospheric dynamics and its associated space weather impact.
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